Description
Data Records
The data in this sampling event resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 25 records.
1 extension data tables also exist. An extension record supplies extra information about a core record. The number of records in each extension data table is illustrated below.
This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.
Versions
The table below shows only published versions of the resource that are publicly accessible.
How to cite
Researchers should cite this work as follows:
Din S U, Hong S (2025). Inventory of wild mammals from District Nagar, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Version 1.3. GBIF Secretariat. Samplingevent dataset. https://cloud.gbif.org/asia/resource?r=wildlife_nagar&v=1.3
Rights
Researchers should respect the following rights statement:
The publisher and rights holder of this work is GBIF Secretariat. To the extent possible under law, the publisher has waived all rights to these data and has dedicated them to the Public Domain (CC0 1.0). Users may copy, modify, distribute and use the work, including for commercial purposes, without restriction.
GBIF Registration
This resource has been registered with GBIF, and assigned the following GBIF UUID: 99aaf87c-d4a5-4239-a42a-63df6eb7dbe9. GBIF Secretariat publishes this resource, and is itself registered in GBIF as a data publisher endorsed by GBIF Secretariat.
Keywords
Samplingevent; Observation Mammals Conservation Camera trapping Gilgit-Baltistan
Contacts
- Metadata Provider ●
- Originator ●
- Point Of Contact
https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3659-239X
- Metadata Provider ●
- Originator ●
- Point Of Contact ●
- Principal Investigator
Geographic Coverage
Hoper Valley, situated 3,000 meters above sea level, and Hisper, located 3,500 meters above sea level, were covered.
| Bounding Coordinates | South West [36.161, 74.789], North East [36.202, 74.857] |
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Taxonomic Coverage
In this study, we covered the following taxonomic groups. Class: Mammalia; Orders: Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Rodentia, and Artiodactyla; Families: Felidae, Canidae, Mustelidae, Bovidae, Leopridae, Ochotonidae, and Muridae.
| Kingdom | Animalia |
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| Class | Mammalia |
| Order | Rodentia, Carnivora, Lagomorpha, Artiodactyla |
| Family | Muridae, Mustelidae, Ochotonidae, Leporidae, Bovidae, Felidae, Canidae |
Temporal Coverage
| Start Date / End Date | 2024-04-15 / 2024-11-15 |
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Project Data
Background The study area is located within the Central Karakoram National Park, nestled in the towering Karakoram mountain range. Situated at a high altitude in the District of Nagar, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, this region is characterized by its rugged terrain, glaciers, and snow-covered peaks. The diverse landscape provides an ideal habitat for medium- to large-sized mammals. Despite its ecological significance, the wildlife of this area remains under-studied. Therefore, the current study aimed to document the wild mammal species of the high-altitude Hoper and Hisper valleys. New information Camera trapping surveys were conducted from April to November 2024 to record wild mammals in the study area. Approximately 30 trail cameras were deployed across the study area, which resulted in 85 occurrence records for seven mammal species, including three carnivores, two lagomorphs, one rodent, and one ruminant. All species were native and non-endemic to the region. According to the IUCN Conservation status, Panthera uncia (Snow Leopard), Mustela altaica (Mountain weasel), and Capra sibirica (Himalayan ibex) belong to endangered categories. Out of the seven mammals reported in this study, the Snow Leopard and Himalayan Ibex have been previously reported from the area. The data collected from this survey provides valuable occurrence information on the mammal species present in the study area, which can serve as a baseline for monitoring and conservation efforts in the future.
| Title | Inventory of wild mammals from District Nagar, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan |
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| Identifier | PIC_NA_2024 |
| Funding | This research was supported by the Sejong Science Fellowship of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [grant number NRF-2021R1C1C2004162]. |
| Study Area Description | The study was conducted in the Hoper and Hisper valleys, located in the Nagar District of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan (Fig 1). These valleys are part of the Central Karakoram National Park (CKNP) within the Karakorum Mountain Range. Encompassing an area of 1,735.84 km², the study area is characterized by its diverse topography, which includes watersheds, glaciers, towering snow-covered mountains, and steep slopes (Nawaz et al. 2021). Figure 2 presents images showcasing the landscape of the study area. Hoper Glacier (30 km) and Hisper Glacier (49 km) are the prominent glaciers in the study area. The study area spans temperate to sub-alpine and alpine zones with elevations ranging from 2,112 to 7,889 meters (see Fig 1). The climate is influenced by altitude, with winters being cold and dry, experiencing temperatures between −23°C and 10.8°C. In contrast, the summer months (June to August) are relatively mild, with temperatures reaching as high as 34°C. Precipitation in the study area is predominantly snowfall, accounting for about 90% of the total, with annual amounts ranging from 200 to 900 mm (Nawaz et al. 2021). Both valleys also contain lush green pastures that support a wide range of wild and domesticated animals such as goats, sheep, and yaks. The diverse habitats and varying altitudes in these valleys provide an ideal environment for several species of wildlife. |
| Design Description | The study area was divided into 2km x 2km grids (Tobler et al. 2008). Then, the settlements, agricultural lands, glaciers, and altitudes above 4500 meters were excluded. Camera sites were selected based on local knowledge, with input from the community to identify areas of high wildlife activity. The presence-absence data was collected for medium-large mammal species. |
The personnel involved in the project:
Sampling Methods
About 30 Trail cameras (T-9 Pro Black) were installed across the study area to record medium to large-sized mammals. The cameras were placed in areas of known wildlife activity, such as animal trails, water sources, and feeding zones, ensuring a representative sample across different habitats and elevations. The survey was conducted in two sessions: the first session took place in April 2024, with data retrieval in June 2024. After data retrieval in June, the cameras were maintained by replacing the batteries and SD cards, then left in place until November 2024. The camera locations were adjusted and moved within a 500-meter radius of the original site, either due to theft or in cases where no wildlife was captured, to ensure proper coverage and increase the likelihood of capturing relevant wildlife data. The sampling effort was calculated by multiplying the number of camera traps by the number of days they remained operational.
| Study Extent | The current study focused on medium-large mammals in the study area for almost one year. The altitudinal range of the camera locations was between 2704 meters to 3989 meters above sea level. |
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| Quality Control | The authors carefully verified the photos for proper species identification and used the IUCN Red List (https://www.iucnredlist.org/) to ensure correct nomenclature and to check the conservation status of each species. |
Method step description:
- At each site, the camera was installed on a tree trunk, rock, or wooden stick (Fig 3), depending on the available structures (Srbek-Araujo and Chiarello 2013; Lamelas-Lopez et al. 2020). The direction and angle of the camera were adjusted according to the terrain and expected wildlife movement patterns, ensuring an optimal field of view to capture wildlife activity while minimizing the chances of false triggers. After installation, all the barriers in front of the camera, like vegetation, any plant, or a branch, affect the result of the camera by triggering random photos (Oberosler et al. 2017). The settings of the trail cameras were then adjusted as follows: the cameras remained active for 24 hours, with three photos in a series set to capture each trigger. A short interval of 30 seconds was customized between photo captures (Lamelas-Lopez et al. 2020) and the sensitivity was set to medium to ensure reliable detection of wildlife. The serial number was customized according to the site name for easy identification, and finally, the date and time were correctly set to ensure accurate timestamping of all images (Oberosler et al. 2017). After retrieving data from the camera traps, the images were manually classified and renamed. The images were then imported into XnView software, where the date and time were extracted. The data was then organized as a sample event dataset, encompassing both event and occurrence data, and published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A) (Zuleger et al. 2023).
Additional Metadata
| Acknowledgements | Funder: This research was supported by the Sejong Science Fellowship of the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [grant number NRF-2021R1C1C2004162]. Acknowledgments We acknowledge the efforts of Dr. Saeed Abbas, Department of Animal Sciences at Karakoram International University for assisting in site selections within the study area. Additionally, we are thankful to Mr. Pervaz Abbas (student of Forestry, Wildlife, and Range Management, Karakoram International University) and his team for managing and conducting the field surveys. |
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| Getting Started | This dataset consists of camera trap data collected from the Hoper and Hisper Valleys in District Nagar, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, between April and November 2024. The dataset includes multiple files, primarily divided into two main categories: occurrence data and event data. These files are structured to document the presence and distribution of medium to large-sized wild mammals in the region. |
| Purpose | The study aimed to document medium-large sized mammals in the Hoper and Hisper valleys using camera trapping data. The study provides a baseline data for the unique wild mammal species of the study area. |
| Alternative Identifiers | 99aaf87c-d4a5-4239-a42a-63df6eb7dbe9 |
| https://cloud.gbif.org/asia/resource?r=wildlife_nagar |