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  <title xml:lang="eng">Occurrence of insect species along Loduare - Golini Road, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Arusha, Tanzania</title>
      <creator>
    <individualName>
        <givenName>Paulo</givenName>
      <surName>Lyimo</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>Sokoine University of Agriculture</organizationName>
    <positionName>Ecologist</positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>P.O.Box 3010</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Morogoro</city>
        <postalCode>3010</postalCode>
    </address>
    <phone>+255754216031</phone>
    <electronicMailAddress>paulolyimo@gmail.com</electronicMailAddress>
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      <creator>
    <individualName>
        <givenName>Pantaleo</givenName>
      <surName>Munishi</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>Sokoine University of Agriculture</organizationName>
    <positionName>Professor </positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>P.O.Box 3010</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Morogoro</city>
        <postalCode>3010</postalCode>
    </address>
    <phone>+255754591849</phone>
    <electronicMailAddress>pmunishi2001@yahoo.com</electronicMailAddress>
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        <givenName>Paulo</givenName>
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    <organizationName>Sokoine University of Agriculture</organizationName>
    <positionName>Ecologist</positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>P.O.Box 3010</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Morogoro</city>
        <postalCode>3010</postalCode>
    </address>
    <phone>+255754216031</phone>
    <electronicMailAddress>paulolyimo@gmail.com</electronicMailAddress>
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    <individualName>
        <givenName>Pantaleo</givenName>
      <surName>Munishi</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>Sokoine University of Agriculture</organizationName>
    <positionName>Professor </positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>P.O.Box 3010</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Morogoro</city>
        <postalCode>3010</postalCode>
    </address>
    <phone>+255754591849</phone>
    <electronicMailAddress>pmunishi2001@yahoo.com</electronicMailAddress>
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      </metadataProvider>
      <metadataProvider>
    <individualName>
        <givenName>Adili</givenName>
      <surName>Bugingo</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>Sokoine University of Agriculture</organizationName>
    <positionName>Ecologist</positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>3010</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Morogoro</city>
        <country>TZ</country>
    </address>
    <onlineUrl>https://www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz/forestrybiology/</onlineUrl>
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    <individualName>
        <givenName>Cosmas</givenName>
      <surName>Emily</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>Sokoine University of Agriculture</organizationName>
    <positionName>Pathologist</positionName>
    <address>
        <city>Morogoro</city>
        <country>TZ</country>
    </address>
    <onlineUrl>https://www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz/forestrybiology/</onlineUrl>
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    <individualName>
        <givenName>Barnabas</givenName>
      <surName>Malila</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>Sokoine University of Agriculture</organizationName>
    <positionName>Ecologist</positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>P.O.Box 3010</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Morogoro</city>
        <country>TZ</country>
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    <individualName>
        <givenName>Simon</givenName>
      <surName>Chidodo</surName>
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    <organizationName>Sokoine University of Agriculture</organizationName>
    <positionName>Ecologist</positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>P.O.Box 3010</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Morogoro</city>
        <country>TZ</country>
    </address>
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    <individualName>
        <givenName>Scola</givenName>
      <surName>Justine</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>Sokoine University of Agriculture</organizationName>
    <positionName>Forest engineer</positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>P.O.Box 3009</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Morogoro</city>
        <country>TZ</country>
    </address>
    <onlineUrl>https://www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz/forestrybiology/</onlineUrl>
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      <metadataProvider>
    <individualName>
        <givenName>Samora</givenName>
      <surName>Macrice</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>Sokoine University of Agriculture</organizationName>
    <positionName>Ecologist</positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>P.O.Box 3010</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Morogoro</city>
        <country>TZ</country>
    </address>
    <onlineUrl>https://www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz/forestrybiology/</onlineUrl>
          <userId directory="http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=">https://www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz/forestrybiology/index.php/samora-a-macrice</userId>
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      <associatedParty>
    <individualName>
        <givenName>Paulo</givenName>
      <surName>Lyimo</surName>
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  <pubDate>
      2021-03-17
  </pubDate>
  <language>eng</language>
  <abstract>
    <para>Insects are the most species-rich group of animals on earth, and play numerous crucial roles in ecosystem functioning and the global economy. It is estimated that more than one million insect species have been described and many more await discovery. The description of insects and their colorful body patterns have initiated prominent contributions to art, culture and literature, and they offer great symbolic and educational tools.
Most studies of insects in ecosystems of Tanzania are species specific such as Pineus boerneri (Petro and Madoffe, 2011), Cinara cupressivora and Heteropsylla cubana (Lyimo, 2016), Leptocybe invasa (Petro et al., 2014) and Paranaleptes reticulata (Lyimo, 2017). Several species of the order Coleoptera, have mainly been studied in lowland forest (Madoffe, 1993) and mountainous ecosystems (Nyundo and Yarro, 2007), with few studies investigating the diversity patterns of insects in grassland and woodland in Tanzania (Ojija et al., 2016). Therefore, this study aimed at establishing occurrence of insect species along Loduare - Golini Road, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Arusha, Tanzania</para>
  </abstract>
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            <keyword>Occurrence</keyword>
            <keyword>Insect species</keyword>
            <keyword>Loduare - Golini Road</keyword>
            <keyword>Ngorongoro Conservation Area</keyword>
            <keyword>Arusha</keyword>
            <keyword>Tanzania</keyword>
        <keywordThesaurus>GBIF Dataset Type Vocabulary: http://rs.gbif.org/vocabulary/gbif/dataset_type_2015-07-10.xml</keywordThesaurus>
      </keywordSet>
  <intellectualRights>
    <para>This work is licensed under a <ulink url="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/legalcode"><citetitle>Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC-BY-NC) 4.0 License</citetitle></ulink>.</para>
  </intellectualRights>
  <coverage>
      <geographicCoverage>
          <geographicDescription>Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA), Arusha, Tanzania</geographicDescription>
        <boundingCoordinates>
          <westBoundingCoordinate>35.494</westBoundingCoordinate>
          <eastBoundingCoordinate>35.697</eastBoundingCoordinate>
          <northBoundingCoordinate>-3.121</northBoundingCoordinate>
          <southBoundingCoordinate>-3.261</southBoundingCoordinate>
        </boundingCoordinates>
      </geographicCoverage>
  </coverage>
  <maintenance>
    <description>
      <para></para>
    </description>
    <maintenanceUpdateFrequency>unkown</maintenanceUpdateFrequency>
  </maintenance>

      <contact>
    <individualName>
        <givenName>Paulo</givenName>
      <surName>Lyimo</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>Sokoine University of Agriculture</organizationName>
    <positionName>Ecologist</positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>P.O.Box 3010</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Morogoro</city>
        <postalCode>3010</postalCode>
    </address>
    <phone>+255754216031</phone>
    <electronicMailAddress>paulolyimo@gmail.com</electronicMailAddress>
    <onlineUrl>https://www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz/forestrybiology/</onlineUrl>
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      </contact>
      <contact>
    <individualName>
        <givenName>Pantaleo</givenName>
      <surName>Munishi</surName>
    </individualName>
    <organizationName>Sokoine University of Agriculture</organizationName>
    <positionName>Professor </positionName>
    <address>
        <deliveryPoint>P.O.Box 3010</deliveryPoint>
        <city>Morogoro</city>
        <postalCode>3010</postalCode>
    </address>
    <phone>+255754591849</phone>
    <electronicMailAddress>pmunishi2001@yahoo.com</electronicMailAddress>
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  <project id="https://www.cfwt.sua.ac.tz/forestrybiology/">
    <title>Environmental Impact Assessment of newly planned hardening of Loduare - Golini Road (83 Km), Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Arusha, Tanzania.</title>
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            <givenName>Paulo</givenName>
          <surName>Lyimo</surName>
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        <role>author</role>
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      <personnel>
        <individualName>
            <givenName>Pantaleo</givenName>
          <surName>Munishi</surName>
        </individualName>
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        <role>author</role>
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      <personnel>
        <individualName>
            <givenName>Adili</givenName>
          <surName>Bugingo</surName>
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        <individualName>
            <givenName>Cosmas</givenName>
          <surName>Emily</surName>
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        <individualName>
            <givenName>Christian </givenName>
          <surName>Paul</surName>
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        <role>author</role>
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        <individualName>
            <givenName>Scola</givenName>
          <surName>Justine</surName>
        </individualName>
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        <role>author</role>
      </personnel>
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        <individualName>
            <givenName>Barnabas</givenName>
          <surName>Malila</surName>
        </individualName>
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        <role>author</role>
      </personnel>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
            <givenName>Simon</givenName>
          <surName>Chidodo</surName>
        </individualName>
              <userId directory="http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Simon-Chidodo-2</userId>
        <role>author</role>
      </personnel>
      <personnel>
        <individualName>
            <givenName>Samora</givenName>
          <surName>Macrice</surName>
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      </personnel>
      <abstract>
        <para>Insects create the biological foundation for all terrestrial ecosystems. Insects provide useful services to mankind and the environment in a number of ways. They keep pest insects in check, pollinate crops we rely on as food, and act as sanitation experts, cleaning up waste so that the world doesn&apos;t become overrun with dung. 
The alteration of ecosystem of the area may affect insect community and it might require restoration/rehabilitation after the implementation of the project. Therefore, Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) funded this project to conduct Environmental Impact Assessment of newly planned hardening of Loduare to Golini Main Road, Ngorongoro Conservation Area. This EIA was based on flora and fauna survey in all ecosystems within the planned area of road construction and development of a biodiversity monitoring plan to enable future assessments of changes resulting from the road construction operations. The occurrence of insect species along Loduare - Golini Road, Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Arusha, Tanzania is one of the output of the project.</para>
      </abstract>
      <funding>
        <para>Ngorongoro Conservation Area Authority (NCAA) https://www.ncaa.go.tz/</para>
      </funding>
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          <descriptorValue>The study conducted in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area, Ngorongoro District in Arusha Region. The area encompass a great variety of ecosystems including montane forest, swampy, marshy, dry forest, as well as long and short grasslands as part of the extension of the Maasai Mara and Serengeti ecosystems. The diverse ecosystem attracts a large number of different wildlife species to reside within the conservation area within close proximity. The variation also allows for a succession of feeding by herbivores as the seasons change. Vegetation within the conservation area is highly dependent upon locations in respect to variations in water inundation, salinity, and pH levels. The dominant ecosystem within the crater is the tall and short grasslands. The dominance of short or tall grasslands depends on the underlying soil structure, including the porosity and the extent of compaction.</descriptorValue>
        </descriptor>
      </studyAreaDescription>
      <designDescription>
        <description>
          <para>Field inventory</para>
        </description>
      </designDescription>
  </project>
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