Vegetation survey of plant species within Manar estate region in the southern Nilgiris, India

Occurrence Observation
Latest version published by Nature Conservation Foundation on Mar 19, 2026 Nature Conservation Foundation
Publication date:
March 19, 2026
License:
CC-BY 4.0

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Description

Plant species were recorded with 70 nested plots at the centre of 70 1-ha grids in the Manar estate region in the southern Nilgiris, India. At the scale of each of the 1-ha grids, the presence or absence of three invasive species, viz. Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata, and Solanum mauritianum, were recorded. At the centroid of each grid, adult trees trees (>=30 cm girth) were enumerated (taxonomic identity, girth and height) within a 20x20 m plot. At the centre of the 20x20 m plot, regenerating seedlings (>50 cm height and GBH <= 3.1cm (1 cm DBH)) and saplings (>=3.1 GBH to 30 cm GBH) were identified and counted within a 5x5 m plot. Trees that overtopped the 5x5m plot but were different from the individuals or species recorded in the 20x20m plot that circumscribed the 5x5m plot, were also recorded.

Data Records

The data in this occurrence resource has been published as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A), which is a standardized format for sharing biodiversity data as a set of one or more data tables. The core data table contains 1,111 records.

This IPT archives the data and thus serves as the data repository. The data and resource metadata are available for download in the downloads section. The versions table lists other versions of the resource that have been made publicly available and allows tracking changes made to the resource over time.

Versions

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How to cite

Researchers should cite this work as follows:

Gamuz A S, Madhavan A P (2026). Vegetation survey of plant species within Manar estate region in the southern Nilgiris, India. Version 1.1. Nature Conservation Foundation. Occurrence dataset. https://cloud.gbif.org/asia/resource?r=ncf-nrp-manar-vegetation-2024&v=1.1

Rights

Researchers should respect the following rights statement:

The publisher and rights holder of this work is Nature Conservation Foundation. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.

GBIF Registration

This resource has been registered with GBIF, and assigned the following GBIF UUID: c810b6d2-99e8-4a50-b2cc-d3858e512fd1.  Nature Conservation Foundation publishes this resource, and is itself registered in GBIF as a data publisher endorsed by Participant Node Managers Committee.

Keywords

Occurrence; The Nilgiris; tropical montane evergreen forest; shola; mesic savanna; tropical dry deciduous forests; Western Ghats; plant diversity; Observation

External data

The resource data is also available in other formats

Baseline assessment of vegetation status for ecological restoration of discontinued plantations and degraded forests in the Manar estate, Nilgiris [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19000781 UTF-8 CSV 1.0

Contacts

Arunachala Skaria Gamuz
  • Originator
  • Point Of Contact
Nature Conservation Foundation
570017 Mysuru
Karnataka
IN
A. P. Madhavan
  • Originator
Nature Conservation Foundation
  • 1311, 12th A Main,Vijayanagar 1st Stage
570017 Mysuru
Karnataka
IN
T. R. Shankar Raman
  • Point Of Contact
  • Senior Scientist
Nature Conservation Foundation
  • 1311, 12th A Main,Vijayanagar 1st Stage
570017 Mysuru
Karnataka
IN
Divya Mudappa
  • Point Of Contact
  • Senior Scientist
Nature Conservation Foundation
  • 1311, 12th A Main,Vijayanagar 1st Stage
570017 Mysuru
Karnataka
IN

Geographic Coverage

Deciduous forests, patchy mesic savanna, semi-evergreen forests, and montane evergreen forests of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India, were surveyed. Surveyed locations spanned a wide elevation range from c. 500 m to c. 2200 m above sea level (CHECK)

Bounding Coordinates South West [11.252, 76.744], North East [11.259, 76.76]

Taxonomic Coverage

N/A

Kingdom Plantae
Phylum Tracheophyta
Class Magnoliopsida, Liliopsida
Order Celastrales, Asterales, Arecales, Ericales, Solanales, Laurales, Ranunculales, Poales, Malpighiales, Myrtales, Malvales, Boraginales, Lamiales, Proteales, Rosales, Fabales, Brassicales, Sapindales, Gentianales, Magnoliales
Family Lamiaceae, Malvaceae, Cannabaceae, Myrtaceae, Rhamnaceae, Meliaceae, Sapindaceae, Elaeagnaceae, Cordiaceae, Acanthaceae, Rosaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rutaceae, Arecaceae, Oleaceae, Bignoniaceae, Theaceae, Solanaceae, Phyllanthaceae, Melastomataceae, Poaceae, Rubiaceae, Fabaceae, Capparaceae, Proteaceae, Lauraceae, Moraceae, Verbenaceae, Ebenaceae, Combretaceae, Apocynaceae, Celastraceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Anacardiaceae, Annonaceae

Temporal Coverage

Start Date / End Date 2024-12-13 / 2024-12-20

Project Data

Our research and restoration programme focuses on the region’s unique, biologically diverse forests and grasslands in The Nilgiris, Western Ghats, India. This is part of the Western Ghats program of the Nature Conservation Foundation, India.

Title Tropical Ecosystems Research and Restoration in the Nilgiris, Western Ghats, India
Identifier ncf-nrp
Funding We gratefully acknowledge support from Craigmore Plantations (India) Pvt Ltd.
Study Area Description The study was carried out within the southern part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in and around the town of Kolakamby and Craigmore estates.
Design Description The species identity of all trees were recorded and identified by the observers.

The personnel involved in the project:

Arunachala Skaria Gamuz
T. R. Shankar Raman

Sampling Methods

Plant species were recorded with 70 nested plots at the centre of 70 1-ha grids in the Manar estate region in the southern Nilgiris, India. At the scale of each of the 1-ha grids, the presence or absence of three invasive species, viz. Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata and Solanum mauritianum, was recorded. At the centroid of each grid, adult trees trees (>=10 cm girth) were enumerated (taxonomic identity, girth and height) within a 20x20 m plot. At the centre of the 20x20 m plot, regenerating seedlings (>50 cm height and GBH <= 3.1cm (1 cm DBH)) and saplings (>=3.1 GBH to 30 cm GBH) were identified and counted within a 5x5 m plot. Trees that overtopped the 5x5m plot but were different from the individuals or species recorded in the 20x20m plot that circumambulated the 5x5m plot, were also recorded.

Study Extent The study was carried out within the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India, mainly in areas around Kolakamby and in Thaishola area.
Quality Control Trees were directly identified in the field or herbarium specimens collected to identify using field guides cited in identification references. Taxa that could not be identified to species were identified to Genus or Family, or occasionally higher taxa. Species names were updated to GBIF taxonomy using the species name matching tool.

Method step description:

  1. Data from multiple plot types were combined and R was used to prepare the data in CSV files according to the GBIF Darwin Core format.

Additional Metadata

Additional records of plants, fungi, and other animal species from the study area are recorded on iNaturalist in the project "Biodiversity of the Craigmore Landscape" https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/biodiversity-of-the-craigmore-landscape

Acknowledgements
Purpose
Alternative Identifiers c810b6d2-99e8-4a50-b2cc-d3858e512fd1
https://cloud.gbif.org/asia/resource?r=ncf-nrp-manar-vegetation-2024